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	<title>TII-教学与评估 &#8211; 长煦信息技术咨询(上海)有限公司 | iGroup China</title>
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	<title>TII-教学与评估 &#8211; 长煦信息技术咨询(上海)有限公司 | iGroup China</title>
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		<title>在人工智能的世界里，抄袭是什么样子？</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e5%9c%a8%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e9%87%8c%ef%bc%8c%e6%8a%84%e8%a2%ad%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%a0%b7%e5%ad%90%ef%bc%9f/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Jul 2023 08:14:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=11230</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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			<p>美国Turnitin公司作为教育科技引领者之一，已于4月上旬经推出最新的AI写作检测工具，帮助教育工作者来应对AI时代下的学术不端行为。借此，我们将推出一系列推文来分享Turnitin在人工智能、GPT等方面的经验和见解。</p>

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			<p>ChatGPT 的发布带给人们惊喜，同时，也加剧了学校和教师对学生作业的担忧。事实上，AI 的发展，以及今天我们所看到 ChatGPT 的广泛应用也反映出人们用来定义原创作品的界限被模糊了。所以我们必须强调学术诚信的重要性，并明确AI将会对教育技术、创新领域、抄袭剽窃行为的影响。</p>

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			<p>十年前，AI 改写服务、第三方论文代写和问答服务都不存在。但在过去的2年里，强大的 AI 架构出现了，它们有着非凡的理解力和直觉判断，可以生成文字和图像，传递信息。重要的是，这些技术并非处在研究阶段，而是已经能够被公众使用。这让教师和学校管理者做出学术诚信决策的难度也成倍增加。</p>

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			<p>虽然生成式 AI 工具近期才被大众所知，但早在 2020 年，Turnitin 的 AI Innovation Lab 就关注并致力于识别 AI 生成内容和研发相关检测技术。在收到众多咨询后，<strong>Turnitin 已经在今年4月初发布了最新的AI写作检测功能</strong>。这一功能目前整合到了现有的 Turnitin 产品中，供机构管理员和教师使用，旨在帮助教育者维护学术诚信，并确保学生被公平对待。</p>

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			<p>Turnitin 的 AI 写作检测指标（%）反映了可能由 AI 写作工具生成内容的百分比，AI 检测报告则高亮标记了极可能是由 AI 生成的片段。但是否发生了学术不端行为的最终决定权在于教师。Turnitin 不会判定是否存在学术不端行为，而是为教师们提供数据参考，帮助教师结合自己的学术经验和学校政策做出明智的决定。</p>

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			<p>我们相信，如果 AI 使用得当，可以带来巨大的好处，其应用规模是我们无法想象的。在之后的推文中，我们也将继续讲解 AI 时代下，Turnitin 帮助世界各地的学生和教育工作者改善学习效果的方法。</p>

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			<p>如果您想了解关于学术诚信的相关资讯，可以<a href="https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%af%e8%af%9a%e4%bf%a1/"><strong>点击这里</strong></a>访问iGroup公司官网<strong>学术诚信专区</strong>。</p>

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			<section>
<pre>来源：Turnitin, LLC.</pre>
</section>

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			<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong>iGroup</strong></span>是国内专业电子资源和科研资讯的服务提供商，并致力于为学术机构提供综合性的学术诚信解决方案。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong>iGroup</strong></span>中国是<span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong>Turnitin/iThenticate</strong></span>中国区独家授权代理。如需咨询，请联系<span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong><a style="color: #ffb84c;" href="mailto:turnitin@igroup.com.cn">turnitin@igroup.com.cn</a></strong></span></p>

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		<title>AI时代下，如何布置作业？</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/ai%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%8c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b8%83%e7%bd%ae%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%9a%ef%bc%9f/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Jul 2023 07:36:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=11216</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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			<p>ChatGPT的发布和现阶段的使用情况，引发了教师、院校机构的担忧——AI会取代学生的思维吗？学生会用AI写作工具来完成作业吗？如何防止学生误用、滥用AI工具，维护学术公平？</p>

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			<p>Turnitin认为：不能在学生可能滥用AI工具后才做出反应！为此，Turnitin提出5种策略来应对课堂上的AI生成写作。</p>

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			<p>随着ChatGPT的推出，现在正是院校机构研究、讨论和决定应对人工智能技术的时候。</p>

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			<p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/27a1.png" alt="➡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />&nbsp;在学术环境中，要如何接受生成式AI工具？</p>
<p>Turnitin在“指南：在AI时代更新学术诚信政策（Guide: Updating academic integrity policies in the age of AI）”中分享了一些想法，比如建立一个通用的人工智能词汇表（AI vocabulary glossary），并确定使用AI工具的道德标准。</p>

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			<p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/27a1.png" alt="➡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> AI写作工具可以用于什么范围？</p>
<p>每个机构、部门、课程，甚至作业都可能有很大差异。比如，有些老师可能认为，学生可以在写作前使用AI写作工具来进行头脑风暴，或者就某个主题获得其他观点；而有些老师会允许学生向AI工具提交一份写作草稿，以获得形成性反馈意见。无论哪一种方式，都需要老师选择正确的AI工具，并亲自测试工具来调整至适用于课程、作业的设置。</p>

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			<p>因此，学术诚信政策和课堂教学都需要相应改变。</p>

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			<p>向学生介绍最新的政策，并与他们谈论人工智能。Turnitin倡导者建议通过“这个……不是那个”活动，让学生根据他们对政策的理解来分类、标记适用场景。比如，老师可以简单地创建一个场景列表，让学生分辨哪些使用AI工具的情况是可以接受的，哪些是不可以接受的，然后进行深入讨论、理解新的政策。</p>

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			<p>从生成式AI工具目前的迭代和已有的案例来看，AI写作工具可能会提供了一些不存在的资源。比如，按照提示需要AI提供参考时，一些来源可能是虚构的。想要防止学生滥用AI写作工具，可以先将写作作业提示修改为：要求学生使用可验证的来源和参考书单。</p>

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			<p>此外，老师在检视学生作业时还可以考虑其他标准。例如，Turnitin的资深教育工作者团队创建了一个AI误用评分规则（AI misuse rubric）来帮助解决这一问题。这个规则提出了四个写作特征：学生意见（student voice），批判性思维/推理(critical thinking/reasoning，来源和引用（sources &amp; citations），以及个性化（personalization）。</p>

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			<p>写作包括了预写和起草等步骤，所以写作过程不应该只针对新生。合理利用写作过程，在师生间创造一种开放式对话的写作文化——要求学生提交一份草稿，再让学生根据老师留下的反馈进行修改——可以大大降低学生滥用人工智能的可能性。</p>

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			<p>如果学生必须与老师或同学讨论作业，他们会使用ChatGPT吗？“讨论”可能无法完全消除滥用AI生成式工具的风险，但这也是一种防范措施，比如在作业中计划包括同学互评、写作会议、现场或视频形式的反思作业等，创造可见性和开放对话。此外，如果学生们知道他们需要分享他们的工作，他们通常会更投入。有研究表明，让学生分享他们的工作可以增强他们完成作业的信心和动力<sup>[1]</sup>。</p>

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			<p>如果您还不确定从哪里开始，可以点击左下方“<strong>阅读原文</strong>”获取完整的人工智能滥用检查清单（AI misuse checklist），来帮助您打开在人工智能时代下布置写作作业的思路。</p>

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			<section>
<pre>来源：Turnitin, LLC.</pre>
</section>
<section>
<pre>参考：

[1]&nbsp;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11162-020-09591-y</pre>
</section>

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			<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong>iGroup</strong></span>是国内专业电子资源和科研资讯的服务提供商，并致力于为学术机构提供综合性的学术诚信解决方案。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong>iGroup</strong></span>中国是<span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong>Turnitin/iThenticate</strong></span>中国区独家授权代理。如需咨询，请联系<span style="color: #ffb84c;"><strong><a style="color: #ffb84c;" href="mailto:turnitin@igroup.com.cn">turnitin@igroup.com.cn</a></strong></span></p>

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		<title>如何将学术诚信教育嵌入日常教学</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%86%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%af%e8%af%9a%e4%bf%a1%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%b5%8c%e5%85%a5%e6%97%a5%e5%b8%b8%e6%95%99%e5%ad%a6/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Nov 2022 07:06:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=8973</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid dt-default" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-lg-10 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-md-10 vc_col-has-fill"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1668496009800"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 60px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>如果“不要作弊！”，“不要抄袭！”等警告阻止学术不端行为的效果不好，那么是否需要考虑将学术诚信教育嵌入日常教学中，让学生有更多机会了解到学术道德规范的各项标准，比如“怎样的行为属于作弊？”，“怎样的行为属于抄袭？”。</p>

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			<p>虽然没有任何政策可以完全阻止“抄袭”、“作弊”行为的发生，但从“教”入手，让学生们参与到学术诚信的建设中，正确地对待学习以及学习中的要求和规范，同时也能帮助他们避免一些因为无所知而导致的学术不端行为，营造一个更良好的教学环境。</p>

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			<p>“学术诚信”不应该只是说说而已！</p>

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			<p>所以Turnitin专门设计了在课程中建立学术诚信的<span style="color: #01802e;"><strong>四部曲</strong></span>，让教师与学生共同创造一个有效的课程诚信守则，帮助学生们从一开始就建立起对学术诚信的正确的、全面的认知。</p>

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			<p>通过询问 <span style="color: #01802e;"><strong>“你认为学术诚信是什么？”</strong></span>，了解学生对学术诚信的实际认知，帮助学生探索学术诚信的价值。学生们可以自行思考，也可以全班讨论。教师可以根据国际学术诚信中心（International Center for Academic Integrity，ICAI）的定义：诚实、信任、公平、尊重、责任和勇气，罗列出学生们提出的相关的、有意义的观点、想法。</p>

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			<p><span style="color: #01802e;"><strong><em>“Scholarly communities flourish when community members live the fundamental values-honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage.” -ICAI</em></strong></span></p>

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			<p>让学生有思考的时间，想一想“为什么这些价值观对我们的课程和/或学校很重要?”，“为什么这些价值观对个人来说也很重要?”。然后引导学生进入下一步：怎样才能体现学术诚信。</p>

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			<p>教师可以继续通过一些问题，来引导学生参与规划课程学术诚信守则的过程中。</p>

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			<p><span style="color: #01802e;"><strong>1）</strong></span>让学生们思考学术诚信所体现的价值观对课程、对作业、对师生教学关系的影响与作用。</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #01802e;">2）</span></strong>让学生们以小组形式讨论：</p>

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<li>如果把学术诚信价值观纳入日常教学中会是什么样子？</li>
<li>如果忽视学术诚信价值观又会是什么样子？</li>
<li>当这些价值观被忽视时，该如何处理？</li>
</ul>

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			<p>既要听取学生的意见，但是也别忘了，作为教师和课程的管理者，需要适当指导学生，确保诚信守则在实践过程中不会过于宽松（例如：为了让学生能有足够的时间完成论文，所有作业都允许迟交）或过于严苛（例如：为了防止学生间互相抄袭不允许小组讨论），也应该告诉学生为什么需要避免极端情况的发生，以及这类极端情况可能会带来的问题。对学生们提出高要求、高标准，是为了让他们了解学术诚信的重要性，从而在学习过程中能够尽可能地符合学术专业的要求。</p>

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			<p>如果学生们对这个话题感到陌生，教师不妨通过举例来让学生对学术诚信的体现有一个大致印象，比如提交作业时需要同意《作者声明》：在提交此作品时，我确认此提交是我自己的作品，我承担因本提交而可能发生的任何版权侵权的所有责任。</p>

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			<section>教师和学生需要综合学术诚信的价值和规划，共同制定有效的课程诚信守则。在讨论诚信守则的内容时，需要考虑以下几点:</section>
<ul class="list-paddingleft-1">
<li>起草一份声明，阐述学术诚信的价值观以及与价值观相悖可能产生的问题；</li>
<li>明确学术诚信政策的界限和违反政策的后果；</li>
<li>举例说明遵守和违反诚信守则的情况：</li>
</ul>

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			<p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25ab.png" alt="▫" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 作业可以迟交，但是迟交1小时-24小时会有相应的扣分惩罚；</p>
<p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25ab.png" alt="▫" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 若发现作业有抄袭，需要额外完成一份作业，且最高得分为及格分。</p>

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			<p>一份完善的课程诚信守则经过修改后，应该简洁明了，并得到学生们的认可。当学生参与到创建、实施诚信守则过程中，他们很可能会对诚信守则产生所属意识和责任感，并在整个实践过程中愿意去承担这种责任。</p>

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			<p>课程诚信守则制定好了，那么应该如何确保它能够应用在学习过程中呢？教师可以给学生传达作业时，花时间讨论诚信守则对这个特定作业的影响和意义，以及表达自己对这个作业的期望。详细说明诚信守则与每项作业的关联性，也有助于减少学生对作业要求的困惑。</p>

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			<p>此外，还需要定期与学生确认学术诚信守则的细节。可以向学生提出以下问题：</p>
<ul class="list-paddingleft-1">
<li>在课堂上，诚信守则是如何发挥作用的?</li>
<li>诚信守则在哪些方面帮助阐明了对每项任务、作业的期望?</li>
<li>你是否注意到其中的差距?</li>
<li>对诚信守则及其在我们课堂中的作用有什么担忧吗?</li>
<li>对诚信守则有更好的建议吗?</li>
<li>是否需要再次阐明和检查诚信守则中的各项内容?</li>
</ul>

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			<p>通过学生对这些问题的反馈意见，老师可以和学生就诚信守则的内容做进一步的沟通和调整。让学生参与评估课程诚信守则，能够更有效地判断学术诚信守则在实践应用中的效果，从而及时调整、维护课程中的学术诚信文化。</p>

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			<p>Turnitin一直以来都很关注诚信的建立与维护，所以，这里为大家分享一下Turnitin的资源——教师可以通过点击“阅读原文”获取。快让学生们也参与到课程诚信守则的规划、建立与维护之中吧！</p>

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			<pre>资源：Turnitin Blog</pre>

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<div class="vc-zigzag-wrapper vc-zigzag-align-center"><div class="vc-zigzag-inner" style="width: 100%;min-height: 14px;background: 0 repeat-x url(&#039;data:image/svg+xml;utf-8,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-%2F%2FW3C%2F%2FDTD%20SVG%201.1%2F%2FEN%22%20%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FGraphics%2FSVG%2F1.1%2FDTD%2Fsvg11.dtd%22%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2214px%22%20height%3D%2212px%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2018%2015%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink%22%3E%3Cpolygon%20id%3D%22Combined-Shape%22%20fill%3D%22%23ffffff%22%20points%3D%228.98762301%200%200%209.12771969%200%2014.519983%209%205.40479869%2018%2014.519983%2018%209.12771969%22%3E%3C%2Fpolygon%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E&#039;);"></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p><span style="color: #01802e;"><strong>iGroup</strong></span>是国内专业电子资源和科研资讯的服务提供商，并致力于为学术机构提供综合性的学术诚信解决方案。</p>
<p><span style="color: #01802e;"><strong>iGroup</strong></span>中国是<strong><span style="color: #01802e;">Turnitin/iThenticate</span></strong>中国区独家授权代理。如需咨询，请联系<span style="color: #01802e;"><strong><a style="color: #01802e;" href="mailto:turnitin@igroup.com.cn">turnitin@igroup.com.cn</a></strong></span></p>

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		<title>难以决定：是学术技能不足还是故意抄袭？</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e9%9a%be%e4%bb%a5%e5%86%b3%e5%ae%9a%ef%bc%9a%e6%98%af%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%af%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd%e4%b8%8d%e8%b6%b3%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e6%95%85%e6%84%8f%e6%8a%84%e8%a2%ad%ef%bc%9f/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Nov 2022 06:18:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=8950</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid dt-default" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-lg-10 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-md-10 vc_col-has-fill"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1668496009800"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 60px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>在教学过程中，教师会做出诸多决定。有些决定会对老师和学生都产生长期的影响。</p>

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			<p>而在影响深远的决定中，就有与学术诚信相关的。遇到学术诚信问题时，老师不得不做出判断：学生是有意违反学术诚信标准？还是因为缺乏基本技能而误入歧途？这个判断还会影响后续的调查和行动方案的确定。</p>

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			<p>马里兰州的一位资深英语教师解释了她的处理方式。起初，她总认为学术诚信问题是源于技能缺乏，比如学生是因为无法有效转述原文(paraphrasing)，或者是因为阅读理解能力不足而导致他们更多采用原作者的观点，这可能不是学生有意而为的，通常是因为学生还不了解学术规范的要求。对于这类情况，这位老师会在教学过程中找出作业中出现的问题，给予正确指导，然后给学生一个改进的机会。</p>

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			<p>更具挑战性的是如果学生是有意违背学术诚信原则的，老师应该如何做判断？若确定了学生有不当行为，后果可能是严重的——从作业不及格到课程不及格，甚至是纪律处分（被学校开除等）。所以教师必须慎重处理。了解学生的意图是决定教师进行指导性干预还是纪律处分的关键。因此，老师需要了解学生的不当行为是否具有主观“欺骗查重系统”的意图。</p>

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			<p>虽然老师可以通过一些策略来了解学生的意图，比如让学生解释他们自己的作业，描述他们完成作业的过程，甚至使用一个简短的、有针对性的评估来发现技能不足等问题，但这些方法通常都很耗时，甚至有时不足以帮助老师判断学生的真实意图。这使得教师需要更有效的工具。</p>

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			<p>Turnitin一直关注着学术诚信问题。通过积累的学术不端案例，Turnitin发现了一种明显的迹象——文本篡改——如果学生用一些隐蔽方式企图掩盖不当行为，很明显是有意图的，这并不是偶然发生的。</p>

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			<p>在2020年，Turnitin产品增加了“Flags”功能，在查重报告中标记出隐藏的文本，从而帮助教师识别欺骗Turnitin相似度检测系统的具体行为，这可以帮助教育工作者更好地评估“有意抄袭”与“技能缺陷”。</p>

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			<p>使用隐藏字符——学生使用白纸黑字撰写的文章可能会“隐藏”了老师看不到的文本或符号。通过Flags面板，老师可以了解学生到底想要隐藏什么，这有助于老师了解到学生的意图。例如，学生可能会使用白底白字来增加文本的字数，从而将总体相似度分数降低到规定的阈值以下。</p>

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			<p>使用替换字符——从另一个字母表中替换一个相似的字符。通过使用字符替换，学生可能试图让复制粘贴的文本与原始文本略有不同——不同到他们希望它能绕过查重检测系统。例如：学生用西里尔字母替换e或用希腊字母替换O。</p>

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			<p>在这两种情况下，教师可以看到学生的行为所表现出的意图，而这种意图是会成为教师决策的驱动因素。</p>

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			<p>过去，教师会猜测学生的行为是否是有意违反学术诚信，但现在，若出现有意的学术不当行为，老师可以基于一些客观证据来做决定。</p>

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			<pre>资源：Turnitin Blog</pre>

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<div class="vc-zigzag-wrapper vc-zigzag-align-center"><div class="vc-zigzag-inner" style="width: 100%;min-height: 14px;background: 0 repeat-x url(&#039;data:image/svg+xml;utf-8,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-%2F%2FW3C%2F%2FDTD%20SVG%201.1%2F%2FEN%22%20%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FGraphics%2FSVG%2F1.1%2FDTD%2Fsvg11.dtd%22%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2214px%22%20height%3D%2212px%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2018%2015%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink%22%3E%3Cpolygon%20id%3D%22Combined-Shape%22%20fill%3D%22%23ebebeb%22%20points%3D%228.98762301%200%200%209.12771969%200%2014.519983%209%205.40479869%2018%2014.519983%2018%209.12771969%22%3E%3C%2Fpolygon%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E&#039;);"></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
	<div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  vc_custom_1668497754991" >
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			<p>iGroup是国内专业电子资源和科研资讯的服务提供商，并致力于为学术机构提供综合性的学术诚信解决方案。</p>
<p>iGroup中国是Turnitin/iThenticate中国区独家授权代理。如需咨询，请联系<a href="mailto:turnitin@igroup.com.cn">turnitin@igroup.com.cn</a></p>

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		<title>又到毕业论文时，慎用“降重工具“</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e5%8f%88%e5%88%b0%e6%af%95%e4%b8%9a%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e6%97%b6%ef%bc%8c%e6%85%8e%e7%94%a8%e9%99%8d%e9%87%8d%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 May 2022 14:07:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=7869</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid dt-default" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-lg-10 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-md-10"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>不久前，南昌大学的一篇硕士论文就引发了网友的热议。过审的论文存在语病和格式错误（见下图），原来该论文的作者担心论文重复率过高，使用了翻译软件来修改论文内容，没有检查就直接提交，论文导师没有认真审核，所以导致问题论文的出现。</p>

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			<pre style="text-align: right;">图片：来自网络</pre>

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			<p>毕业季将近，查重的压力遇上“降重”广告，学生很可能在天花乱坠的宣传下，想要通过一些工具或技术来降重。</p>

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<h5><strong>但是，依靠软件来降重，真的靠谱吗？</strong></h5>
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</section>
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<section></section>
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			<p>一种软件是采用翻译的手段，通过将不同的语言相互翻译来达到降重目的；还有通过文本转换工具、释义工具等来降重的。</p>

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			<section>小编为此试过某个在线释义工具的实际效果（下图）。比如专用名词“profit a prendre”中的“profit”就被改为了“benefit”，还有词组固定搭配“in gross”被替换成了“in net”。所以，所谓的“释义”不过是将一些单词、词组替换成了近义词。</section>

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			<div class="vc_single_image-wrapper   vc_box_border_grey"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1080" height="494" src="https://www.igroup.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/640-19.png" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" srcset="https://www.igroup.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/640-19.png 1080w, https://www.igroup.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/640-19-300x137.png 300w, https://www.igroup.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/640-19-1024x468.png 1024w, https://www.igroup.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/640-19-768x351.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px"  data-dt-location="https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e5%8f%88%e5%88%b0%e6%af%95%e4%b8%9a%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e6%97%b6%ef%bc%8c%e6%85%8e%e7%94%a8%e9%99%8d%e9%87%8d%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7/640-19-4/" /></div>
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			<pre style="text-align: right;">图片：使用在线释义工具后的文本比对</pre>

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			<section>文本转换工具只是在简单地识别单词是否有近义词，然后进行替换，使得和原句看起来有所不同。这些“降重”工具还无法理解单词或词组在句中的意思表达，如果选用的近义词不能契合上下文，或者替换的是固定搭配、专用名词中的某个单词，那么“纰漏”是显而易见的——用词不对，句意不通。</section>

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<h5><strong>过度依赖降重软件或工具是一种投机行为。</strong></h5>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<section></section>
</section>
</section>

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			<section>南昌大学的硕士论文正是给我们敲响了警钟。学位论文通常会被收录到数据库中，也可能被他人阅读或引用参考，所以论文的质量会持续影响着毕业生和导师。</section>

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			<section>学术论文需要提前规划，针对研究的对象展开调研、搜集资料。如果引文内容较多，可以自己组织语言，适当的概括和释义都能有效降重。</section>

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<div class="vc-zigzag-wrapper vc-zigzag-align-center"><div class="vc-zigzag-inner" style="width: 100%;min-height: 14px;background: 0 repeat-x url(&#039;data:image/svg+xml;utf-8,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-%2F%2FW3C%2F%2FDTD%20SVG%201.1%2F%2FEN%22%20%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FGraphics%2FSVG%2F1.1%2FDTD%2Fsvg11.dtd%22%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2214px%22%20height%3D%2212px%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2018%2015%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink%22%3E%3Cpolygon%20id%3D%22Combined-Shape%22%20fill%3D%22%23ebebeb%22%20points%3D%228.98762301%200%200%209.12771969%200%2014.519983%209%205.40479869%2018%2014.519983%2018%209.12771969%22%3E%3C%2Fpolygon%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E&#039;);"></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>iGroup是国内专业电子资源和科研资讯的服务提供商，并致力于为学术机构提供综合性的学术诚信解决方案。iGroup中国是Turnitin/iThenticate中国区独家授权代理。如需咨询，请联系<a href="mailto:turnitin@igroup.com.cn">turnitin@igroup.com.cn</a></p>

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		<title>“补丁写作” 算不算抄袭？</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e8%a1%a5%e4%b8%81%e5%86%99%e4%bd%9c-%e7%ae%97%e4%b8%8d%e7%ae%97%e6%8a%84%e8%a2%ad%ef%bc%9f/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Dec 2021 02:25:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=7209</guid>

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			<p>我们处在信息高速传播的时代，任何地方发生的事情都可以在最快时间曝光在大众视线中。在媒体平台上常常会有类似的文案出现。这属于抄袭吗？</p>

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			<p>我们先来看看下面这组比对案列<sup>[1]</sup>。</p>

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			<p><strong>哥伦比亚大学学生周报《Spectator》:</strong></p>
<p>“<span style="color: #99cc00;">Among</span> <span style="color: #ff6600;">the University’s future collection are the famous original</span> <span style="color: #99cc00;">drawings for Wright’s Fallingwater, a home</span> <span style="color: #ff6600;">designed amid</span> <span style="color: #99cc00;">a</span> <span style="color: #ffcc99;"><span style="color: #ffcc00;">rushing</span> </span><span style="color: #99cc00;">stream in Pennsylvania, and the Robie House, a Prairie-style building on</span><span style="color: #cc99ff;"> the campus of the University of Chicago</span>.”</p>

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			<p><strong>《纽约时报》原文:</strong></p>
<p>“<span style="color: #99cc00;">Among</span><span style="color: #ff6600;"> the gems in that material are</span> <span style="color: #99cc00;">drawings for Wright’s Fallingwater, a home</span> <span style="color: #ff6600;">cantilevered over </span><span style="color: #99cc00;">a stream </span>in Mill Run, <span style="color: #99cc00;">Pa.; the Robie House, a Prairie-style building on<span style="color: #cc99ff;"> </span></span><span style="color: #cc99ff;">the University of Chicago campus</span>; Unity Temple, a Unitarian Universalist church in Oak Park, Ill.; and Taliesin West.”</p>

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			<pre><span style="color: #99cc00;">█ </span>色：用词一致的部分；</pre>
<pre><span style="color: #ff6600;">█ </span>色：用词不一致的部分；</pre>
<pre><span style="color: #ffcc00;">█ </span>色：多出的部分；</pre>
<pre><span style="color: #cc99ff;">█ </span>色：结构不一致的部分。</pre>

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			<p>很明显，《Spectator》上的这段文字和《纽约时报》的原文内容和意思十分相近。对原文做了修改的这类行为，称之为“patchwriting”。</p>

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<div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div id="ultimate-heading-3016a3b61dfb5810" class="uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-3016a3b61dfb5810 uvc-4594  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes" data-hspacer="no_spacer"  data-halign="center" style="text-align:center"><div class="uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer" style="top"></div><div class="uvc-main-heading ult-responsive"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-3016a3b61dfb5810 h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{"font-size":"","line-height":""}' ><h3 style="--font-weight:theme;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:30px;">什么是 patchwriting？</h3></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>Patchwriting一词，早在1993年，就由美国雪城大学写作和修辞学教授Rebecca Moore Howard提出<sup>[1]</sup>。patch是补丁的意思。Patchwriting是指对复制的源材料进行些许修改和替换的行为，就好像是打（我）上（没）了（抄）补（原）丁（文）。</p>

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<div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div id="ultimate-heading-93116a3b61dfb5bde" class="uvc-heading ult-adjust-bottom-margin ultimate-heading-93116a3b61dfb5bde uvc-3977  uvc-heading-default-font-sizes" data-hspacer="no_spacer"  data-halign="center" style="text-align:center"><div class="uvc-heading-spacer no_spacer" style="top"></div><div class="uvc-main-heading ult-responsive"  data-ultimate-target='.uvc-heading.ultimate-heading-93116a3b61dfb5bde h3'  data-responsive-json-new='{"font-size":"","line-height":""}' ><h3 style="--font-weight:theme;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:30px;">patchwriting ≠ plagiarism ？</h3></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>抄袭的定义为：引用了他人发表的内容，或借用了他人的想法等，且未标注其出处来源的行为。</p>

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			<p>虽然这篇文章不是完完全全“复制粘贴”原文，但是过于依赖原文的词汇和句法，例如重新排列了短语、缩写了单词、使用了近义词替换等等。所以我们可以说：<strong>这不能算原创作品</strong>！</p>

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			<p>那么算不算抄袭呢？</p>

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			<p>上述案例中，《Spectator》报道中使用了引号，暗示了编辑从受访者那儿直接获取了讯息，这显然是在欺骗读者；并且该作者未标注内容出处，也就是侵害了他人著作权。</p>

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			<p><strong>所以，《Spectator》这篇文章算抄袭！</strong></p>

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			<p>该文作者也被解雇了。</p>
<p><strong>但解雇不是唯一的解决方法</strong>。</p>

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			<p><strong>因为这样的“patchwriting”比抄袭更为普遍！</strong>Patchwriting看起来像是释义、改写，而不像抄袭，这是因为大家<strong>对抄袭认识不足、不够重视，也因此导致了越来越多的学术不端事件和侵权事件。</strong></p>

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			<p>我们可以理解并在一定程度上能够接受相似的报道素材，因为就新闻媒体而言，消息的实时性和真实性是极其重要的。互联网上的信息更迭迅速，这让传媒工作者没有足够的时间去思考原创性的内容，大家都暗暗修改原文也就不足为奇。更重要的是，资讯在多媒体信息流中会被模糊，以至于发布的文章也难以追溯其来源。</p>

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			<p>若说新闻传媒业界对patchwriting还有比较高的容忍度<sup>[2]</sup>，那么，在学术领域这是完全不允许的。因为它表明写作者缺乏真正的批判性思维，对所学知识、引用文献也不够理解。这种复制后的些微修改其实是作者有意抄袭、窃取他人思想成果的表现。</p>

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			<p>Kenneth Goldsmith 就曾在The Chronicle of Higher Education表示：在学术界，patchwriting等同于抄袭<sup>[3]</sup>。</p>

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			<p>在高校的学术写作中，想要避免patchwriting，我们先要了解它出现的原因<sup>[4]</sup>：</p>

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<li>可能是学生对抄袭不了解</li>
<li>可能是学生缺少学术写作的经验、不了解学术写作的要求</li>
<li>也可能学生不熟悉源文本的单词和想法</li>
<li>或者是学生有意为之的，将“patchwriting”的文章当做是自己的作业提交</li>
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			<p>针对前三种原因，教师应当在写作前和写作后都给予及时的指导，这样学生可以对引用和来源归属作出说明，并根据教师反馈对论文进行后续修订。</p>

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			<p>针对第四条，根据学校的学术诚信政策，一般最低处罚是课程中的“F”（Fail, 不合格），严重的处罚是被大学停学。</p>

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			<p>所以，如果是从他处获取的信息，或者是借用了他人的想法，请务必标注其出处，否则很可能会受到抄袭指控！</p>

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			<pre>参考资料：

[1] https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/words-were-watching-patchwriting

[2] https://www.poynter.org/ethics-trust/2012/patchwriting-is-more-common-than-plagiarism-just-as-dishonest/

[3] Goldsmith, Kenneth. “Uncreative Writing.” The Chronicle of Higher Education (11 Sept. 2011).

[4] Howard, Rebecca Moore. “Plagiarisms, Authorships, and the Academic Death Penalty.” College English 57.7 (November 1995): 708-36.</pre>

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		<title>​和同学讨论功课，却被指“共谋”？你了解“学生共谋“这种学术不端行为吗？</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e2%80%8b%e5%92%8c%e5%90%8c%e5%ad%a6%e8%ae%a8%e8%ae%ba%e5%8a%9f%e8%af%be%ef%bc%8c%e5%8d%b4%e8%a2%ab%e6%8c%87%e5%85%b1%e8%b0%8b%ef%bc%9f%e4%bd%a0%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e5%ad%a6/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Nov 2021 08:18:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=6970</guid>

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			<p>近一年来，关于“学生共谋”的问题明显增加。很多在国外读大学的同学不明白，自己只是和同学讨论了作业，怎么就被学校怀疑为“共谋”？同学之间互相讨论不是很正常的事儿吗？</p>

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			<p>很多同学会对功课讨论甚至答案分享习以为常。但是要注意，国外高校通常对这方面有严格规定。你的这种认知习惯可能导致严重后果。</p>

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			<p>今天我们来详细解读什么叫“学生共谋”，以及如何避免。</p>

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<div class="vc-zigzag-wrapper vc-zigzag-align-center"><div class="vc-zigzag-inner" style="width: 100%;min-height: 14px;background: 0 repeat-x url(&#039;data:image/svg+xml;utf-8,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-%2F%2FW3C%2F%2FDTD%20SVG%201.1%2F%2FEN%22%20%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FGraphics%2FSVG%2F1.1%2FDTD%2Fsvg11.dtd%22%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2214px%22%20height%3D%2212px%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2018%2015%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink%22%3E%3Cpolygon%20id%3D%22Combined-Shape%22%20fill%3D%22%23ebebeb%22%20points%3D%228.98762301%200%200%209.12771969%200%2014.519983%209%205.40479869%2018%2014.519983%2018%209.12771969%22%3E%3C%2Fpolygon%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E&#039;);"></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<section>
<section>
<section>
<h5><strong>什么是学生共谋？</strong></h5>
</section>
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<section>
<section>
<section></section>
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			<p>学生共谋（Student Collusion）是指：要求以小组形式协作，但需提交个人作品时，发现和其它同学所提交的内容有重合、相似的地方，该情况或被认为是学生共谋完成作业。</p>

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			<section>经过讨论后，再进行独立写作，好像难免会“互相借鉴”。这样也算抄袭吗？</section>
<section>若是对“合作”和“共谋”不够了解，那自然会难以辨别这两者的区别<sup>[1]</sup>，从而无意中就会导致学术不当行为的发生。</section>

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			<section>虽说是“共谋”，但并非指学生都是有意为之的。有时候它看起来会像抄袭【<a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5OTAwOTkyMw==&amp;mid=2653376473&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=6a4c372344582683fcd3d18f866fa6f1&amp;chksm=8b5b3b35bc2cb223c007c7e3ba43b796b5ba08d1a6e6827edeea5a55ae1bad365ceb8f77df3a&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-itemshowtype="0" data-linktype="2">学术诚信第一期#抄袭还是相似</a>】，体现在两个或多个学生作品中的存在相同内容。因为学生对共谋的定义和界限不清楚，所以导致了学生共谋比抄袭更为普遍。</section>

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			<div class="vc_single_image-wrapper   vc_box_border_grey"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="vc_single_image-img " src="https://www.igroup.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ezgif.com-gif-maker-11-1-750x619.png" width="750" height="619" alt="ezgif.com-gif-maker (11)" title="ezgif.com-gif-maker (11)"  data-dt-location="https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e2%80%8b%e5%92%8c%e5%90%8c%e5%ad%a6%e8%ae%a8%e8%ae%ba%e5%8a%9f%e8%af%be%ef%bc%8c%e5%8d%b4%e8%a2%ab%e6%8c%87%e5%85%b1%e8%b0%8b%ef%bc%9f%e4%bd%a0%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e5%ad%a6/ezgif-com-gif-maker-11-4/" /></div>
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			<pre style="text-align: center;">图片：Turnitin | Student Collusion: The problem and prevention<sup> [2]</sup></pre>

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			<section>我们所说的抄袭可能是逐字复制并未署名来源；重复使用自己已发表的内容；或者论文代写等情况。而共谋更可能出现在小组合作任务中。</section>

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<div class="vc-zigzag-wrapper vc-zigzag-align-center"><div class="vc-zigzag-inner" style="width: 100%;min-height: 14px;background: 0 repeat-x url(&#039;data:image/svg+xml;utf-8,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-%2F%2FW3C%2F%2FDTD%20SVG%201.1%2F%2FEN%22%20%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FGraphics%2FSVG%2F1.1%2FDTD%2Fsvg11.dtd%22%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2214px%22%20height%3D%2212px%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2018%2015%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink%22%3E%3Cpolygon%20id%3D%22Combined-Shape%22%20fill%3D%22%23ebebeb%22%20points%3D%228.98762301%200%200%209.12771969%200%2014.519983%209%205.40479869%2018%2014.519983%2018%209.12771969%22%3E%3C%2Fpolygon%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E&#039;);"></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<section>
<section>
<section>
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<h5><strong>什么是合作，什么是共谋？</strong></h5>
</section>
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</section>
<section>
<section>
<section></section>
</section>
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			<p>团队合作和共谋的认定可能只在一线之间。</p>

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			<section><strong>合规的合作</strong></section>
<section>学生们需要通过团队协作来共同完成一个团队考核项目；学生在互相合作后，完成了各自的原创作业。</section>

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			<pre style="text-align: center;">图片：Turnitin | Student Collusion: The problem and prevention | Ethical Collaboration<sup> [2]</sup>
</pre>

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			<pre>左侧文字：学生们按（教师）要求合作完成一份团队作业，根据团队成果来评分

右侧文字：小组讨论后，学生们各自完成自己的原创作品


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			<section>
<section><strong>学生共谋</strong></section>
<section>一群学生为某一个学生完成一件作品；一群学生分工完成一份需要个人独立完成的作业。</section>
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			<pre style="text-align: center;">图片：Turnitin | Student Collusion: The problem and prevention | Student Collusion<sup> [2]</sup>
</pre>

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			<pre>左侧文字：通过小组协助一个学生完成其个人作品

右侧文字：小组成员为个人考核项目而分工协作


</pre>

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			<section>
<section>悉尼大学就“合作”和“共谋”提供了3组情景案例<sup>[3]</sup>，来帮助理解和区分这两者的不同之处。</section>
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<section><strong>情景一</strong>：</section>
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<section><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25fe.png" alt="◾" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 金融课设立了 Facebook 聊天组。最初，学生使用它来询问有关课程概念的问题，以及讨论讲座内容和每周阅读材料。这是合法的合作。</section>
<section></section>
<section><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25fe.png" alt="◾" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 但是，在线测验期间，学生开始使用此聊天组询问有关测验的问题，甚至将他们的答案发布给其他人查看。这是共谋。</section>
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<section><strong>情景二</strong>：</section>
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<section><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25fe.png" alt="◾" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Jack 和 Tristan 参加了一个小组项目，将各自的工作量分摊到研究和写作上。由于该项目是一份小组作业，这是合法的合作。</section>
<section></section>
<section><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25fe.png" alt="◾" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 课程中的另一个任务是独自完成文献综述，需要分析 6 个来源。Jack和Tristan之前合作良好，并且由于时间紧迫，两人商量后决定各自研究 3 个来源，并将他们的笔记发送给彼此参考，再编写各自的作业。这是共谋。</section>
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<section><strong>情景三</strong>：</section>
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<section><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25fe.png" alt="◾" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Colette 本学期有一个学习模块和好友 Lucy 上学期的学习内容相同。Colette 给她发消息询问她在任务中使用了哪些资源。Lucy提供了图书馆网站上指向不同期刊和书籍的链接，供Colette参考。这是合法的合作。</section>
<section></section>
<section><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/25fe.png" alt="◾" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Colette 注意到作业问题与上学期的完全相同，并询问是否可以查看 Lucy 的论文从而了解如何解决这个问题。Colette表示不会复制Lucy的论文内容，因此Lucy将文件发送给了Colette。虽然双方都没有恶意，但这也属于共谋。</section>
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<h5><strong>如何防止“学生共谋”？</strong></h5>
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			<p>通过以上几个案例，我们可以看到，学生们往往没有意识到他们在完成各自的作业过程中分享学习成果其实就是所谓的“学生共谋”，而这是违背学术诚信的。那该如何降低“学生共谋”的风险呢？</p>

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			<p>老师若发现了这样的现象，其实恰好是教导学生如何避免“共谋”的最佳时机</p>

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<li>帮助学生了解“共谋”以及其他学术不端行为；</li>
<li>安排写作指导课程，加强学生的写作技能与自信；</li>
<li>学生在完成个人评估作业过程中遇到问题，可以咨询导师或助教；</li>
<li>学生不应该通过社交媒体或任何其它方式分享个人作业；</li>
<li>通过布置同行互评、或要求记录团队活动等形式，约束团队合作中的“共谋”行为<sup>[1] </sup>；</li>
<li>不要相信任何与大学无关的私人服务、辅导或作业帮助服务；</li>
<li>借助查重工具防止学生共谋：例如Turnitin论文相似性检测可以检测出同一个作业中的学生文章之间的相似内容，进而教师可以识别是否存在共谋。</li>
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			<p>最重要的就是不要和他人分享自己的作品，这包括在完成或提交作品之后。如果两位同学分享了作业，那么双方都可能面临“共谋”的指控哦。</p>

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			<pre>资源：Turnitin Blogs

参考资料：

[1]http://www.reading.ac.uk/engageinassessment/assessing-group-work/eia-preparing-collaboration-vs-collusion.aspx

[2] Turnitin, (2021). Student Collusion: The problem and prevention.

[3] https://www.sydney.edu.au/study/why-choose-sydney/student-life/student-news/2020/10/14/sharing-isnt-always-caring-collusion-and-how-to-avoid-it.html</pre>

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			<p>iGroup是国内专业电子资源和科研资讯的服务提供商，并致力于为学术机构提供综合性的学术诚信解决方案。iGroup中国是Turnitin/iThenticate中国区独家授权代理。如需咨询，请联系<a href="mailto:turnitin@igroup.com.cn">turnitin@igroup.com.cn</a></p>

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		<title>如何在写作中培养学生的学术诚信意识？</title>
		<link>https://www.igroup.com.cn/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8%e5%86%99%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ad%e5%9f%b9%e5%85%bb%e5%ad%a6%e7%94%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%af%e8%af%9a%e4%bf%a1%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%ef%bc%9f/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Robin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Jul 2021 05:48:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TII-教学与评估]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[博客]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.igroup.com.cn/?p=5884</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid dt-default" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-lg-10 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-md-10"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div class="shortcode-banner" style="min-height: 150px;background-image: url(https://www.igroup.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/woman-study-hard-write-down-information-notebook_151013-12556.jpg)"><div class="shortcode-banner-bg wf-table" style="padding: 10px;min-height: 150px"><div class="shortcode-banner-inside wf-table text-big" style="background-color: rgb(0,0,0);background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4);border: solid 10px transparent;outline: solid 3px;outline-color: #ffffff;height: 140px"><div><p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="color: #ffffff;">今天，我们为老师们分享一份干货满满的教学资源，让<strong>学术诚信教育渗透到学生写作的前中后期</strong><strong>，学习并使用正确的行文规范</strong>，避免“踩雷”。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><h5 style="color: #5b9bd5;text-align: left;font-family:Economica;font-weight:700;font-style:normal" class="vc_custom_heading" ><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/270d.png" alt="✍" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 写作之前：</h5><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>开始写作之前，老师先要教导学生学术诚信的相关知识。比如这份资源中的第一项讲义：Plagiarism: Exploring and Understanding Academic Integrity Lesson 用于帮助学生理解什么是学术诚信，明确“抄袭”概念，认识不同类型的抄袭行为。文件中罗列出不同类型的抄袭种类，老师们也可以按需准备一些案例，让学生们在课堂上探讨，<strong>深入了解学术不端行为的危害，</strong><strong>同时也能帮助学生避免一些容易被忽视的抄袭可能</strong>。</p>

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			<pre style="text-align: right;">表格1：Turnitin | Disrupting Plagiarism: Building a Culture of Academic Integrity</pre>

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			<p>其次，学生还需要学习如何正确引用文献资料。</p>

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			<p>学生可以<strong>适当引用</strong>已有的文献来支撑自己的论点。常用方法如下：</p>

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<li>引用（quote）：直接或间接引用原文。直接引用部分不应占过多篇幅。</li>
<li>改述（paraphrase）：用自己的话简单阐明或强调一个已有的观点。避免大段文字的直接引用，可以采取改述释义的方式，将引文内容通过自己的理解表达出来。</li>
<li>概述（summarize）：用1-2句话概括大段文字。</li>
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			<p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2757.png" alt="❗" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2757.png" alt="❗" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2757.png" alt="❗" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><strong>无论哪一种引证，都需要注明参考资料的出处！</strong></p>

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			<p>此外，要了解引用格式要求。就英文论文而言，参考文献就有多种不同的书写格式，例如：Chicago Manual of Style采用尾注或脚注标记文中的参考文献，而Harvard System则需要在文中引用部分标记作者和年份。文末要按要求罗列出参考文献列表。</p>

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</div><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 80px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><h5 style="color: #5b9bd5;text-align: left;font-family:Economica;font-weight:700;font-style:normal" class="vc_custom_heading" ><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/270d.png" alt="✍" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 写作中：</h5><div class="vc_empty_space"   style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div>
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			<p>老师要教导学生：<strong>写作是分阶段的。</strong>Research Strategies Lesson Presentation 这份材料用于指导学生提前规划写作，例如：选题、搜集背景信息，筛选并记录有参考价值的文献素材来源，草拟文案，编辑修改文章等。</p>

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			<p>将作业拆分成多个部分或不同阶段也不失为一种有效的行进方式，例如：写作计划、初稿、终稿等。这样老师就可以跟进学生的写作阶段，学生自己也能酌情安排写作进度。将大目标转化为多个小目标，是不是比较容易完成了呢？</p>

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			<pre style="text-align: right;">表格2：Turnitin | Disrupting Plagiarism: Building a Culture of Academic Integrity</pre>

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			<p>写作的内容需要原创，写作中的规范也不可忽视，因而，在日常写作练习中，学生们需要逐步养成良好的文献记录习惯，避免遗漏重要的参考文献信息。教师可以采用表格Research Planning Worksheet，让学生们在查阅文献资料时就能随时记录下这些信息。</p>

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			<pre style="text-align: right;">图片：Turnitin | Research Planning Worksheet</pre>

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			<pre style="text-align: right;">表格3：Turnitin | Disrupting Plagiarism: Building a Culture of Academic Integrity</pre>

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			<p>如果老师允许学生多次上传文章并查看查重结果，那么学生可以在作业完成后，先使用查重工具自查可能存在的问题。比如关注高亮标记的重复文本和相关匹配项，看看是否直接引用篇幅过多，是否存在有遗漏参考文献等情况，再来修改论文。教师也可以在不同阶段给学生留言，帮助学生及时纠正不必要的错误。</p>

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			<p>我们建议老师使用Turnitin的“失范行为快速评语包”（The Plagiarism Spectrum QuickMark Set），在学生论文的问题处进行标记，并提出改进的方法。</p>

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			<pre style="text-align: right;">图片：Turnitin | QuickMark快速评语</pre>

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			<p>所以，在写作的任何阶段，老师都可以帮助学生加强对学术诚信的认识，并应用于写作实践，预防无意识的抄袭行为演变成不可控的学术不端事件。</p>

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			<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>iGroup是国内专业电子资源和科研资讯的服务提供商，并致力于为学术机构提供综合性的学术诚信解决方案。</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>iGroup中国是Turnitin中国区独家授权代理。如需咨询，请联系<span style="color: #5b9bd5;"><a style="color: #5b9bd5;" href="mailto:turnitin@igroup.com.cn">Turnitin@igroup.com.cn</a></span>。</strong></p>

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